Zebin Qiu, University of Tokyo
[QCD theory Seminar] Magnetic effects in dense nuclear matter through Skyrme model
Online (Zoom)
Skyrme model is among the simplest extensions of chiral effective theory including anomaly. We investigate how an external magnetic field deforms the classical Skyrmion soliton structure while maintaining the topological winding. We further identify quantized Skyrmions as neutrons and protons, revealing a mass split between them induced by the magnetic field. More intriguing aspects arise when we annex multiple Skyrmions to form a crystal and realize the ¥pi^0 domain wall as a special class of solution. We establish the thermodynamics and phase diagram of different classes of Skyrme crystals, beneath which is the topological transmutation between ¥pi_3(S^3) and ¥pi_1(S^1).
Kazuya Yonekura, Tohoku University
Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index theorem from axial anomaly
Online (Zoom) https://kds.kek.jp/event/38462/
I will talk about a simple physical derivation of the so-called Atiyah-Patodi-Singer (APS) index theorem. The derivation is just a minor modification of Fujikawa’s argument for the axial U(1) anomaly once we we understand a physical interpretation of the APS boundary condition. It is based on my recent work with Shun K. Kobayashi https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.10654
Juan Carlos Vasquez, University of Massachusetts
Resurgence of the QCD Adler function
Online (Zoom) https://kds.kek.jp/event/38304/
We study the QCD Adler function in the energy region ≈ 0.7 − 2.5 GeV, in which the non perturbative effects become dominant. Our analysis is a renormalon-based evaluation using transseries within the resurgence of the Renormalization-Group-Equation and does not require the Operator-Product-Expansion.
Christophe Royon, University of Kansas
[EX and IPNS joint seminar] Measuring intact protons at the LHC: From the odderon discovery to the search for axion-like particles
Online (Zoom)
In the first part of the talk, we will describe the odderon discovery by the TOTEM and D0 experiments. The analysis compares the p pbar elastic cross section as measured by the D0 Collaboration at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV to that in pp collisions as measured by the TOTEM Collaboration at 2.76, 7, 8, and 13 TeV. The two data sets disagree at the 3.4 sigma level and thus provide evidence for the t-channel exchange of a colorless, C-odd gluonic compound, also known as the odderon. We combine these results with a TOTEM analysis of the same C-odd exchange based on the total cross section and the ratio of the real to imaginary parts of the forward elastic strong interaction scattering amplitude in pp scattering, leading to a combined significance larger than 5 sigma. In a second part of the talk, we will describe the perspective on the search for quartic anomalous couplings and axion-like particles using tagged protons in the final state, leading to sensitivities to beyond standard model physics that improve by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude on the coupling. We will finish by decribing briefly the ultra fast silicon detectors for timing measurements as well as for medical and cosmic ray physics applications.
Michal P. Heller, Max Planck Institute and NCBJ
[QCD theory Seminar] New results on convergence of hydrodynamic gradient expansion
Online (Zoom) Relativistic hydrodynamics, viewed as an effective field theory, is formulated in a derivative expansion. Studies of applicability of relativistic hydrodynamics in nuclear collisions at RHIC and LHC prompted 1302.0697 to explore convergence properties of this expansion. This and subsequent works showed that the Bjorken flow gives rise to a gradient expansion with a vanishing radius of convergence in all but a single studied quark-gluon plasma model. In my talk I will overview the current status of this field, as well as outline new developments on this topic that, for the first time, allow to make definite statements about the
Relativistic hydrodynamics, viewed as an effective field theory, is formulated in a derivative expansion. Studies of applicability of relativistic hydrodynamics in nuclear collisions at RHIC and LHC prompted 1302.0697 to explore convergence properties of this expansion. This and subsequent works showed that the Bjorken flow gives rise to a gradient expansion with a vanishing radius of convergence in all but a single studied quark-gluon plasma model. In my talk I will overview the current status of this field, as well as outline new developments on this topic that, for the first time, allow to make definite statements about the
convergence of hydrodynamic gradient expansion. New results follow from 2007.05524 and an ongoing work.
Tokiro Numasawa, University of Tokyo
Four coupled SYK models and Nearly AdS2 gravities: Phase Transitions in Traversable wormholes and in Bra-ket wormholes
Online (Zoom) https://kds.kek.jp/event/38340/ Wormholes are interesting and important objects in gravity.
Wormholes are interesting and important objects in gravity.
In particular, recently controllable examples of traversable wormholes are constructed.
To understand these wormholes better, we study the two traversable wormhole configurations through the study of four coupled SYK models and nearly AdS2 gravities.
In the SYK model side, we construct a model that couples two copies of two coupled SYK models.
In the nearly AdS2 gravity side, we entangle matter fields in two copies of traversable wormholes.
In both cases, the systems show first order phase transitions at zero temperature by changing couplings, which is understood as the exchange of traversable wormhole configurations.
In nearly AdS2 gravity cases, through the double wick rotation, traversable wormholes are interpreted as bra-ket wormholes, which gives a connection between bra and ket vectors.
In Lorentzian signature, these bra-ket wormholes lead to two closed universes that are entangled with each other as well as matter fields in the flat space without dynamical gravity.
We study the effect of projection or entangling operation for matters on flat spaces and they cause phase transitions in bra-ket wormholes, which leads to the pair annihilation of closed universes.
Using these bra-ket wormholes, we discuss the way to embed states in 2d holographic CFTs into Hilbert space of many 2d free fields.
David Tong, University of Cambridge
How to Give Chiral Fermions a Mass
Online (Zoom), slides (kek.jp only)
Chiral fermions have the property that their left-handed and right-handed components transform differently under some symmetry. Folklore suggests that it is impossible to give such fermions a mass without breaking this symmetry. I’ll show, through a number of examples, why this folklore is wrong. In particular, I’ll show how one generation of fermions in the Standard Model can get a mass without the need for a Higgs boson that breaks electroweak symmetry.
Jun'ya Kume, RESCEU / The University of Tokyo
The role of chiral gravitational anomaly in cosmology
Online (Zoom), indico page, slides (kek.jp only)
Quantum anomaly is ubiquitous and investigated in various fields of physics, including cosmology. In this talk, I introduce two interesting phenomena in the early universe caused by the chiral gravitational anomaly, which relates the left-right asymmetry of the fermions and the helicity of the gravitational waves. The first one is so-called “gravitational leptogenesis” where the primordial lepton asymmetry is produced as a consequence of this anomaly in models of inflation generating helical primordial gravitational waves. I show the difficulties in the minimal model of gravitational leptogenesis and briefly discuss the extended models where the gauge fields are involved. The other one is what we call “chiral gravitational effect”(CGE), which can be understood as the gravitational counterpart of the chiral magnetic effect (CME). In these effects, the primordial chiral asymmetry, which can be generated in well-motivated scenarios like GUT baryogenesis, is a key ingredient. I present how CGE affects the primordial gravitational waves propagating in the chiral primordial plasma, while comparing with the CME.
Hiroshi Suzuki, Kyushu University
Gradient flow exact renormalization group
Online (Zoom) https://kds.kek.jp/event/38153/
The so-called gradient flow, a gauge covariant diffusion of the gauge field, bears a close resemblance to the coarse graining involved in the Wilsonian renormalization group (RG). In scalar field theory, a precise connection between the gradient flow and the Wilsonian RG flow can be made. By imitating the structure of this connection, we propose a Wilsonian RG equation that preserves manifest gauge invariance in vector-like gauge theory. I also mention some ongoing studies on the basis of this formulation.
Kei Yamamoto, Hiroshima University
EFT approach in U(2) and U(3) flavor symmetries
Online (Zoom), indico page, slides (kek.jp only) The measurements of quark flavor-violating observables show a success of the Standard Model (SM). If we insist that new physics (NP) has to emerge in the TeV region, we need to conclude that NP possesses a highly non-generic flavor structure (flavor problem). One of the reasonable solutions to the flavor problem is to introduce flavor symmetry hypothesis. U(3) flavor symmetry is the maximal flavor symmetry allowed by the SM gauge group, and it is known as the Minimal Flavor Violation hypothesis. U(2) is the corresponding subgroup acting only on the first two (light) generations, and shows a good agreement with Yukawa and CKM hierarchical structures. Interestingly, it is shown that U(2) has a good compatibility with the recent B-anomalies. On the other hand, LHC results so far show that there is a mass gap between the SM spectrum and NP. It has motivated the systematic Effective Field Theory (EFT) approach. In this talk, after a brief review of U(3) and U(2) flavor symmetry, I will show how these flavor symmetries act on the SMEFT, providing an organizing principle to classify the large number of dimension-six operators involving fermion fields. The phenomenological study focusing on B-anomalies will be also discussed.
